Students' approaches to learning (SALs): Validation and psychometric properties of a tool measurement.

BACKGROUND: Deep learning is an important outcome of the higher education and is mostly determined by students' approaches to learning (SALs). The latest version of the Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is one of the most used instruments assessing SALs. Many studies from various contexts have either validated or used this famous tool. But none of them-to the best of our knowledge-stem from the Moroccan tertiary context. The current study fills this gap by first: Getting a local translation of the questionnaire following the standardized methodological process and secondly to update the validity and psychometric properties of the construct. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arabic back translation was performed. Data were collected among tertiary scientific students. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out under SPSS version 22. RESULTS: A strong fit of the dichotomic construct (deep and surface) was found, whereas the hierarchical models were disappointing. CONCLUSIONS: Following the standards of the psychometrics' validation, this Arabic version could be used only in first-order factor model to evaluate the deep and surface approach within tertiary education in Moroccan context.

Correction: Thiophene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in hydrochloric acid medium.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA00185C.].

Thiophene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in hydrochloric acid medium.

Thiophene derivatives, namely (E)-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde oxime (OXM) and (E)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (TET), were synthesized and characterized via 1H and 13C NMR. Furthermore, their inhibitory property for AA2024-T3 in 1 M HCl solution was investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization at 293 K, together with DFT/B3LYP-based calculations. Numerous global and local descriptors of reactivity such as EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and frontier molecular orbital repartitions were investigated to describe the reactivity of each molecule. Alternatively, Monte Carlo simulations were performed under the solvation condition on the Al (111) surface to understand the adsorption behavior of the as-studied inhibitors deeply. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the inhibitor concentration, achieving maximum values of 94.0% and 96% at 10-3 M, respectively. The polarization curves showed that the examined compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. In addition, the adsorption of these compounds obeyed the Al Awady, Flory-Huggins and Temkin isotherms. The surface characterization analysis via SEM/EDX confirmed the presence of a barrier layer covering the aluminum surface. The experimental inhibition efficiencies were correlated with global descriptors, which confirmed that this theoretical study is useful for the protection of aluminum alloy metal in an acidic medium.

Simple and efficient synthesis of racemic 2-(tert-butoxycarbon-ylamino)-2-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid, a new derivative of ß-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alanine.

A simple synthetic approach to racemic N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alanine (5) in four steps and 68% overall yield starting from oxazoline derivative 1 is reported. This synthesis involves the alkylation of 1H-1,2,4-triazole with an O-tosyloxazoline derivative, followed by an oxazoline ring-opening reaction and oxidation of the N-protected ß­aminoalcohol by potassium permanganate.

10-(Prop-2-yn-yl)-10H-phenothia-zine.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(11)NS, the butterfly angle between the two planes defined by the two wings of the phenothia-zine unit is 33.5 (8)°. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings and the propynyl group are 85 (4) and 63 (4)°.

N-(Cyano-meth-yl)benzamide.

In the structure of the title compound, C(9)H(8)N(2)O, the amide group is twisted by a dihedral angle of 21.86 (7)° with respect to the benzene ring, while the planes of the benzene ring and cyano-methyl group form a dihedral angle of 53.13 (11)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain running parallel to the a axis.

2-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)acetonitrile.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(6)N(2)O(2), contains two independent mol-ecules. The dihedral angles between the acetonitrile and the 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione units are 69.0 (7)° and 77.0 (5)° in the two mol-ecules. One of the two terminal N atoms is disordered over two positions in a 0.66 (8):0,34 (8) ratio. In the crystal structure, the mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.